The Chest X-Ray Database
The Chest X-Ray Database
This patient underwent bilateral mastectomies for breast cancer. Surgical clips from an axillary lymph node dissection are seen on the right side. The bilateral rounded metallic devices are tissue expanders. They are attached to a radiolucent inflatable bladder that can be progressively filled with saline to stretch the overlying soft tissues, creating redundant tissue that can later be used for reconstruction. The underlying lungs are clear.
This is a patient who received a unilateral lung transplant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis is evident in the right lung with resultant bronchiectasis and volume loss. While pulmonary fibrosis can be identified on radiographs, classification of the pattern of fibrosis requires CT. The transplanted left lung is clear.
This case demonstrates both a right pneumothorax and pneumopericardium. In this case, the cause was iatrogenic during a bronchoscopy. A right chest tube is in place, though a small apical pneumothorax is still visible.
Clamshell sternotomy closure hardware is also seen, indicating that this is a lung transplant patient.
This radiograph demonstrates typical findings of septic emboli. There are multiple bilateral nodules, many with cavitation. Metastatic disease would be within the differential for this finding, though in practice the clinical history is typically quite useful to distinguish between these two entities; In this case, the patient is young with a history of drug abuse (suggesting endocarditis as a source) and presents with sepsis. In addition, this patient has medium bilateral pleural effusions. In the setting of septic emboli this is concerning for empyema. CT is usually confirmatory.
Support devices include a central venous catheter in the right internal jugular vein, an endotracheal tube in the mid trachea, and an enteric tube entering the stomach and terminating inferiorly beyond the border of the study.
This radiograph demonstrates a misplaced right IJ Swan-Ganz catheter. Not only is the catheter too deep in the right pulmonary artery, the course of the catheter extends all the way into the abdominal IVC before looping back into the right atrium and crossing the tricuspid valve. Other lines and devices include a left upper extremity PICC with the tip terminating in the SVC, and an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) with the distal marker appropriately located just inferior to the aortic knob.
The cardiac silhouette is prominent and there is mild interstitial edema, which makes sense in the context of an IABP indicating that the patient is in heart failure.
This radiograph demonstrates a left subpulmonic pneumothorax in the upright position. Typically pleural air would be expected to collect apically (anti-dependently) in this position. However, this patient has a history of wedge resection evident by the staple line seen in the apical left upper lobe. This was complicated by recurrent pneumothorax for which the patient underwent pleurodesis. The resultant pleural scarring is preventing the pleural air from rising, giving this appearance.
Other than the presence of EKG leads, the remainder of the exam is unremarkable.
This radiograph demonstrates a right pneumothorax without evidence of tension physiology. This case was iatrogenic due to an inadvertently damaged diaphragm during an abdominal surgery. Linear subsegmental atelectasis is also noted projecting over the left heart.
This radiograph demonstrates unilateral pulmonary edema in the right lung. The differential for this appearance is limited and includes severe mitral regurgitation (such as a papillary muscle rupture), unilateral pulmonary venous obstruction, and lymphangitic spread of malignancy mimicking edema. Those etiologies rarely present with as much uniformity as this case, which was due to prolonged decubitus positioning that rapidly resolved on subsequent radiographs.
Incidentally noted is the presence of a tracheostomy tube with an overlying tracheostomy mask supplying oxygen to the patient.
This radiograph is of a premature infant in the first week of life. The right lung demonstrates diffuse microatelectasis typical of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as Surfactant Deficiency Disorder, caused by insufficient surfactant production in the setting of prematurity (typically <35 weeks gestation). The left lung is hyperinflated relative to the right lung, with diffuse linear lucencies radiating from the hilum. This appearance is typical for Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema (PIE), a condition secondary to barotrauma from ventilation seen in premature infants in the first weeks of life. An NG/OG tube terminates in the body of the stomach. A second tube, thicker and denser than the NG/OG, with multiple rounded lucencies along the distal aspect is also seen. This is a NAVA tube (Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist), which detects electrical activity of the diaphragm to improve synchrony with the ventilator.
This radiograph demonstrates a malpositioned enteric tube which is looped in the oropharynx/hypopharynx. There are a number of incidental findings including an appropriately positioned endotracheal tube, a loop recorder projecting over the left chest wall, postsurgical changes of sternotomy with a prosthetic aortic valve, and a Watchman left atrial appendage occlusion device which is difficult to see on the default window and level. The lung volumes are low overall with some linear subsegmental atelectasis in the left lung base.