Lines/Tubes/Devices

Case 36

ICU/Surgery, Infectious/Inflammatory, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , , , , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates typical findings of septic emboli. There are multiple bilateral nodules, many with cavitation. Metastatic disease would be within the differential for this finding, though in practice the clinical history is typically quite useful to distinguish between these two entities; In this case, the patient is young with a history of drug abuse (suggesting endocarditis as a source) and presents with sepsis. In addition, this patient has medium bilateral pleural effusions. In the setting of septic emboli this is concerning for empyema. CT is usually confirmatory.

Support devices include a central venous catheter in the right internal jugular vein, an endotracheal tube in the mid trachea, and an enteric tube entering the stomach and terminating inferiorly beyond the border of the study.

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Case 30

ICU/Surgery, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , , , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates a misplaced right IJ Swan-Ganz catheter. Not only is the catheter too deep in the right pulmonary artery, the course of the catheter extends all the way into the abdominal IVC before looping back into the right atrium and crossing the tricuspid valve. Other lines and devices include a left upper extremity PICC with the tip terminating in the SVC, and an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) with the distal marker appropriately located just inferior to the aortic knob.

The cardiac silhouette is prominent and there is mild interstitial edema, which makes sense in the context of an IABP indicating that the patient is in heart failure.

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Case 26

ICU/Surgery, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates unilateral pulmonary edema in the right lung. The differential for this appearance is limited and includes severe mitral regurgitation (such as a papillary muscle rupture), unilateral pulmonary venous obstruction, and lymphangitic spread of malignancy mimicking edema. Those etiologies rarely present with as much uniformity as this case, which was due to prolonged decubitus positioning that rapidly resolved on subsequent radiographs.

Incidentally noted is the presence of a tracheostomy tube with an overlying tracheostomy mask supplying oxygen to the patient.

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Case 24

Lines/Tubes/Devices, Normal & Variants / , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates a left upper extremity peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) with tip terminating in a persistent left SVC. The presence of a persistent left SVC was confirmed on review of prior cross sectional imaging. A PICC in the internal thoracic vein can have a similar appearance on AP/PA radiographs, however a lateral radiograph easily distinguishes the two as a persistent left SVC will course centrally and the internal thoracic vein will course anteriorly.

The radiograph is otherwise unremarkable.

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Case 21

Chronic & ILD, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates several findings:

First, this is a COPD patient with very few lung markings seen in the right upper lobe due to severe emphysema.

Second, this patient has undergone endobronchial valve placement leading to complete lobar atelectasis in the left upper lobe. The valves themselves are visible projecting over the left hilum. There is expected volume loss in the left hemithorax, with increased opacity in the left lung due to superimposition of the collapsed left upper lobe and aerated left lower lobe.

Third, a named sign is demonstrated: The luftsichel sign (German for “air crescent”), which is seen as a crescentic lucency in the paramedian left upper lung and indicates left upper lobe collapse. The lucency is created by a portion of the aerated left lower lobe that insinuates itself between the mediastinal wall and the collapsed upper lobe.

Fourth, there is an incidentally noted small hiatal hernia seen as a rounded opacity projecting just to the left of midline at the level of the diaphragm. Diaphragmatic eventration is also noted.

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Case 19

ICU/Surgery, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , , , , , , , ,

This radiograph is of a premature infant in the first week of life. The right lung demonstrates diffuse microatelectasis typical of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as Surfactant Deficiency Disorder, caused by insufficient surfactant production in the setting of prematurity (typically <35 weeks gestation). The left lung is hyperinflated relative to the right lung, with diffuse linear lucencies radiating from the hilum. This appearance is typical for Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema (PIE), a condition secondary to barotrauma from ventilation seen in premature infants in the first weeks of life. An NG/OG tube terminates in the body of the stomach. A second tube, thicker and denser than the NG/OG, with multiple rounded lucencies along the distal aspect is also seen. This is a NAVA tube (Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist), which detects electrical activity of the diaphragm to improve synchrony with the ventilator.

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Case 16

ICU/Surgery, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , , , , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates a malpositioned enteric tube which is looped in the oropharynx/hypopharynx. There are a number of incidental findings including an appropriately positioned endotracheal tube, a loop recorder projecting over the left chest wall, postsurgical changes of sternotomy with a prosthetic aortic valve, and a Watchman left atrial appendage occlusion device which is difficult to see on the default window and level. The lung volumes are low overall with some linear subsegmental atelectasis in the left lung base.

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Case 15

ICU/Surgery, Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates a malpositioned endotracheal tube in the right main bronchus with resultant atelectasis of the entire left lung. The heart is shifted toward the left side. This supports the diagnosis of atelectasis over a large pleural effusion, which would look similar except that the heart would shift to the contralateral side. An enteric tube is also seen entering the stomach and terminating inferiorly beyond the border of the study. EKG wires, bra clasps, and bra underwires are seen externally.

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Case 14

Lines/Tubes/Devices / , , , ,

This radiograph demonstrates a malpositioned left upper extremity PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter). The tip is turned upward within the superior vena cava and is beginning to course medially, consistent with placement in the azygous vein. A lateral radiograph may be helpful to confirm, if available. The study is otherwise unremarkable for the patient’s age.

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